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The cardinality or "size" of a multiset is the sum of the multiplicities of all its elements. For example, in the multiset {a, a, b, b, b, c} the multiplicities of the members a, b, and c are respectively 2, 3, and 1, and therefore the cardinality of this multiset is 6.
HyperLogLog is an algorithm for the count-distinct problem, approximating the number of distinct elements in a multiset. [1] Calculating the exact cardinality of the distinct elements of a multiset requires an amount of memory proportional to the cardinality, which is impractical for very large data sets. Probabilistic cardinality estimators ...
English: Printable pdf version of C Programming Wikibook. This file was created with MediaWiki to LaTeX . The LaTeX source code is attached to the PDF file (see imprint).
The unsorted multiset is standard as of C++11; previously SGI's STL provides the hash_multiset class, which was copied and eventually standardized. For Java, third-party libraries provide multiset functionality: Apache Commons Collections provides the Bag and SortedBag interfaces, with implementing classes like HashBag and TreeBag.
The Flajolet–Martin algorithm is an algorithm for approximating the number of distinct elements in a stream with a single pass and space-consumption logarithmic in the maximal number of possible distinct elements in the stream (the count-distinct problem).
In mathematics, the Dershowitz–Manna ordering is a well-founded ordering on multisets named after Nachum Dershowitz and Zohar Manna.It is often used in context of termination of programs or term rewriting systems.
Equal-cardinality partition is a variant in which both parts should have an equal number of items, in addition to having an equal sum. This variant is NP-hard too. [5]: SP12 Proof. Given a standard Partition instance with some n numbers, construct an Equal-Cardinality-Partition instance by adding n zeros. Clearly, the new instance has an equal ...
The 3-partition problem remains NP-complete even when the integers in S are bounded above by a polynomial in n.In other words, the problem remains NP-complete even when representing the numbers in the input instance in unary. i.e., 3-partition is NP-complete in the strong sense or strongly NP-complete.