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A number of vergence dysfunctions exist: [12][13] Basic exophoria Convergence insufficiency Convergence micropsia Divergence excess Basic esophoria Convergence excess Divergence insufficiency Fusional vergence dysfunction (reduced positive and negative fusional vergence, with normal or near-normal phoria) Heterophoria Vergence control, and over-convergence associated with the extra ...
In biology, binocular vision is a type of vision in which an animal has two eyes capable of facing the same direction to perceive a single three-dimensional image of its surroundings. Binocular vision does not typically refer to vision where an animal has eyes on opposite sides of its head and shares no field of view between them, like in some ...
Esophoria is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. It is a type of heterophoria.
Heterophoria is an eye condition in which the directions that the eyes are pointing at rest position, when not performing binocular fusion, are not the same as each other, or, "not straight". This condition can be esophoria, where the eyes tend to cross inward in the absence of fusion; exophoria, in which they diverge; hyperphoria, in which one ...
Exophoria is a form of heterophoria in which there is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward. [1] During examination, when the eyes are dissociated, the visual axes will appear to diverge away from one another.
Dogs are dichromat and less sensitive to differences in grey shades than humans and also can detect brightness at about half the accuracy of humans. [2] The frequency range of dog hearing is approximately 40 Hz to 60,000 Hz, which means that dogs can detect sounds far beyond the upper limit of the human auditory spectrum. [3] n/a.
Numbers and arrows should be seen clearly. Relaxation of accommodation can result in an increase in exophoria and a decrease in esophoria, leading to an inaccurate result The examiner should check the function of the Maddox Wing Instrument before use; the septa can be easily bent, leading to the septa not covering the intended view.
A simple eye or ocellus (sometimes called a pigment pit[ 1 ][ 2 ]) is a form of eye or an optical arrangement which has a single lens without the sort of elaborate retina that occurs in most vertebrates. These eyes are called "simple" to distinguish them from " compound eyes ", which have multiple lenses. They are not necessarily simple in the ...