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Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer compound made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone. [1] PVP is available in a range of molecular weights and related viscosities, and can be selected according to the desired application properties.
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [1] There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.
If used on large wounds, kidney problems, high blood sodium, and metabolic acidosis may occur. [1] It is not recommended in women who are less than 32 weeks pregnant. [2] Frequent use is not recommended in people with thyroid problems or who are taking lithium. [2] Povidone-iodine is a chemical complex of povidone, hydrogen iodide, and ...
Phenazopyridine is a medication which, when excreted by the kidneys into the urine, has a local analgesic effect on the urinary tract. It is often used to help with the pain , irritation , or urgency caused by urinary tract infections , surgery , or injury to the urinary tract.
As of 2017, hemodialysis is the most widely available renal replacement modality found in 96% of countries whereas peritoneal dialysis (PD) is only available in 75% of countries. [12] In 2016, the proportion of people receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) was estimated at 11% with wide differences between different countries and regions. [ 33 ]
Fasting for Ramadan can be a dance between managing one’s physical health and water intake, and also fulfilling personal religious goals. Make sure your health is in a good spot for you to fast.
Protein toxicity is the effect of the buildup of protein metabolic waste compounds, like urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine.Protein toxicity has many causes, including urea cycle disorders, genetic mutations, excessive protein intake, and insufficient kidney function, such as chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury.
On the other hand, carrying extra weight also has a number of health risks, including heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain types of cancer.