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Founded in 1948, [26] Arkansas Blue Cross Blue Shield (ABCBS) [27] is an independent licensee of the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association, and the largest healthcare provider in the state. [28] It donated $1.98 million to The Walton College of Business toward founding its Robert L. Shoptaw Master of Healthcare Business Analytics Program. [ 29 ]
Blue Shield of California is a mutual benefit corporation and health plan [6] [7] founded in 1939 by the California Medical Association. It is based in Oakland, California, and serves 4.5 million health plan members and more than 65,000 physicians across the state. Blue Shield of California was founded as a not-for-profit organization.
In 1999, Anthem acquired Blue Cross and Blue Shield of New Hampshire and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Colorado and Nevada. The acquisitions made since 1996 added 850,000 policy holders. Among its customer base were 2.4 million PPO and 964,000 HMO enrollees. [20] In 2000, Anthem acquired Blue Cross Blue Shield of Maine. [21]
This was the origin of Blue Cross. Around 1939, state medical societies created Blue Shield plans to cover physician services, as Blue Cross covered only hospital services. These prepaid plans burgeoned during the Great Depression as a method for providers to ensure constant and steady revenue. In 1970, the number of HMOs declined to fewer than 40.
Jointly operated by Blue Shield of California Promise Health Plan and L.A. Care Health Plan, community resource centers offer member support services, enrolment in local and state assistance programs and other community services. Centers are currently located in Pomona, Lynwood, East Los Angeles and Palmdale.
Two state-based health insurance regulators is unusual in the United States, and has led to various additional work to synchronize laws. [3] This dual regulation arose due for historical reasons, and when the DMHC was created in 2000, the California legislature requested a report on merging the health insurer responsibilities with the CDI. [4]
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[4]: 2 In the period between 1910 and 1940, early healthcare plans formed into two models: a capitated plan (essentially an HMO), and a plan which paid service providers, such as the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plans. [4]: 2 One of the earliest examples is a 1910 "prepaid group plan" in Tacoma, Washington for lumber mills.