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February 24, 1955: Iraq and Turkey sign a military agreement in Baghdad and the term "Baghdad Pact" started to be used. United Kingdom (April 5), Pakistan (September 23) and Iran (November 3) joined the Baghdad Pact in the same year. [10] October 1958: Baghdad Pact headquarters moved from Baghdad to Ankara.
The Battle of Ankara or Angora (Ottoman Turkish: آنقره محاربهسی, romanized: Anḳara Muḥârebesi) was fought on 28 July 1402, [b] at the Çubuk plain near Ankara, between the forces of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I and the emir of the Timurid Empire, Timur.
Share of the Baghdad railway, issued 31 December 1903 [1]. The Baghdad railway, also known as the Berlin–Baghdad railway (Turkish: Bağdat Demiryolu, German: Bagdadbahn, Arabic: سكة حديد بغداد, French: Chemin de Fer Impérial Ottoman de Bagdad), was started in 1903 to connect Berlin with the then Ottoman city of Baghdad, from where the Germans wanted to establish a port on the ...
The Baghdad Pact emerged in this atmosphere, with Arab countries and Turkey going different directions. Different foci in their extended foreign relations, however, did not preclude Iraq and Turkey from cooperating in common areas of interest. The Baghdad Pact is the evidence of the cooperation between two countries.
Timurid relations with Europe were also pursued against the common Ottoman enemy. [104] Timur then turned his attention to Syria, leading the successful Sack of Aleppo and Siege of Damascus. He invaded Baghdad in June 1401. Finally, Timur invaded Anatolia and defeated Bayezid I in the Battle of Ankara on 20 July 1402. Bayezid was captured in ...
The fall of Baghdad was a major blow to Ottoman prestige. Ottoman garrisons and the local tribes began to defect, and the Persians soon captured most of Iraq, including the cities of Kirkuk and Mosul and the Shia holy shrines of Najaf and Karbala, which the Shah visited. [13] [17] In 1625, Hafız Ahmed Pasha, now Grand Vizier, marched to retake ...
The history of Ottoman–Safavid relations (Persian: روابط عثمانی و صفوی) started with the establishment of the Safavid dynasty in Persia in the early 16th century. The initial Ottoman–Safavid conflict culminated in the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, and was followed by a century of border confrontation.
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