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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a type of respiratory failure characterized by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs. [1] Symptoms include shortness of breath (dyspnea), rapid breathing (tachypnea), and bluish skin coloration (cyanosis). [1] For those who survive, a decreased quality of life is common. [4]
The treatment of acute respiratory failure may involve medication such as bronchodilators (for airways disease), [7] [8] antibiotics (for infections), glucocorticoids (for numerous causes), diuretics (for pulmonary oedema), amongst others. [1] [9] [10] Respiratory failure resulting from an overdose of opioids may be treated with the antidote ...
The development of pulmonary edema may be associated with symptoms and signs of "fluid overload" in the lungs; this is a non-specific term to describe the manifestations of right ventricular failure on the rest of the body. These symptoms may include peripheral edema (swelling of the legs, in general, of the "pitting" variety, wherein the skin ...
Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of deficient supply of oxygen to the body which arises from abnormal breathing. [3] [4] Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which affects all the tissues and organs, some more rapidly than others. There are many circumstances that can induce asphyxia, all of which are characterized by the inability of a ...
Tissue hypoxia refers to low levels of oxygen in the tissues of the body and the term hypoxia is a general term for low levels of oxygen. [2] Hypoxemia is usually caused by pulmonary disease whereas tissue oxygenation requires additionally adequate circulation of blood and perfusion of tissue to meet metabolic demands. [4]
A chest X-ray showing acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pulmonary contusion can result in respiratory failure—about half of such cases occur within a few hours of the initial trauma. [43] Other severe complications, including infections and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occur in up to half of cases. [31]
Paul Reubens, the actor known to millions for his portrayal of Pee-wee Herman, died at age 70 from acute hypoxic respiratory failure.
Acute respiratory acidosis occurs when an abrupt failure of ventilation occurs. This failure in ventilation may be caused by depression of the central respiratory center by cerebral disease or drugs, inability to ventilate adequately due to neuromuscular disease (e.g., myasthenia gravis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, muscular dystrophy), or airway obstruction ...