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The March 23 Movement (French: Mouvement du 23 mars), often abbreviated as M23 and also known as the Congolese Revolutionary Army (Armée révolutionnaire du Congo), [8] is a Congolese Tutsi-led rebel paramilitary group. [9]
States Minister Edouard Bamporiki. Edouard Bamporiki (born October 24, 1983) is a Rwandan politician and artist. Bamporiki served in Rwandan cabinet as States Minister in charge of culture in the Ministry of Youth and Culture until 5th May 2022 [1] [2] [3]
M23 rebels in Goma, November 2012. The March 23 Movement waged a rebellion in the northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) from 2012 to 2013. M23 was formed by deserters of the National Congress for the Defence of the People (CNDP), who had integrated into the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) following a 2009 peace agreement.
Mai-Mai fighters surrendering their weapons to United Nations personnel in Northern Katanga, 2006. The term Mai-Mai or Mayi-Mayi refers to any kind of community-based militia group active in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) that is formed to defend local communities and territory against other armed groups.
Kituba is known by many names among its speakers. In academic circles the language is called Kikongo-Kituba.. In the Republic of the Congo it is called Munukutuba, a phrase which means literally "I say", [4] and is used in the Republic's 1992 constitution. [5]
The Imidugudu program was initially launched in order to make better use of land and to ensure the obedience of the populace. [3] It was later reorganized twice, first to cater for the needs of the returning new caseload refugees, and then as a security measure to cope with an insurgency in Rwanda's northwestern region in 1997–1998.
Operation Kitona was a Rwandan/Ugandan offensive that marked the beginning of the Second Congo War.Rwanda hoped to depose Laurent-Désiré Kabila and install a government more favorable to Rwanda's interests by quickly taking control of Kinshasa and the strategic western province of Bas-Congo (today Kongo Central).
Kivu is also the name for the entire region surrounding Lake Kivu, including the portions in Rwanda which contain the vast majority of the lake area's population (the contiguous towns of Goma in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Gisenyi in Rwanda, with a combined population approaching 1,000,000, form the largest urbanised area in the Lake Kivu area). [3]