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[4] [5] The tractate is a Coptic translation of a Greek original, [4] probably written in Egypt, [1] [4] with estimates of the date ranging from c. 100 AD [2] to c. 200 AD. [1] [5] The content of the text mainly consists of James the Just's [1] recollection of a special revelation that Jesus gave to James and Peter. [1]
The Second Apocalypse of James is a Gnostic writing. It is the fourth tractate in Codex V in the Nag Hammadi library, immediately following the First Apocalypse of James. [1] [2] [3] The order is a deliberate scribal choice, since the first text prepares James the Just for his death as a martyr, and the second text describes his death in detail.
The author is identified as "James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ" (James 1:1). James (Jacob, Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, romanized: Ya'aqov, Ancient Greek: Ιάκωβος, romanized: Iakobos) was an extremely common name in antiquity, and a number of early Christian figures are named James, including: James the son of Zebedee, James the Less, James the son of Alphaeus, and James ...
Annunciation to Joachim and Anna, fresco by Gaudenzio Ferrari, 1544–45 (detail). The Gospel of James (or the Protoevangelium of James) [Note 1] is a second-century infancy gospel telling of the miraculous conception of the Virgin Mary, her upbringing and marriage to Joseph, the journey of the couple to Bethlehem, the birth of Jesus, and events immediately following.
The First Apocalypse of James is a Gnostic apocalyptic writing. [1] Its initial rediscovery was a Coptic translation [ 2 ] as the third tractate of Codex V in the Nag Hammadi library . [ 1 ] [ 3 ] Additional copies were later found in Coptic as part of the Codex Tchacos [ 4 ] [ 5 ] and in Greek among the Oxyrhynchus Papyri .
Rather than trying to convert others to Christianity, 2 Clement appears to be directed at an audience of Christians who had converted from Paganism. 2 Clement seems to reference a history of idolatry: "[Previously] we were maimed in our understanding – we were worshipping stones and pieces of wood, and gold and silver and copper – all of them made by humans".
[1] Newton's work also built upon the textual work of Richard Simon and his own research. The text was first published in English in 1754, 27 years after his death. The account claimed to review the textual evidence available [2] from ancient sources on two disputed Bible passages: 1 John 5:7 and 1 Timothy 3:16.
Bicameral mentality is a hypothesis introduced by Julian Jaynes who argued human ancestors as late as the ancient Greeks did not consider emotions and desires as stemming from their own minds but as the consequences of actions of gods external to themselves.
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