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The National Eisteddfod of Wales (Welsh: Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru) is the largest of several eisteddfodau that are held annually, mostly in Wales. Its eight days of competitions and performances are considered the largest music and poetry festival in Europe. [ 1 ]
In Welsh culture, an eisteddfod [a] is an institution and festival with several ranked competitions, including in poetry and music. [2]: xvi The term eisteddfod, which is formed from the Welsh morphemes: eistedd, meaning 'sit', and fod, meaning 'be', [3] means, according to Hywel Teifi Edwards, "sitting-together."
The Welsh motto of the International Eisteddfod, "Byd gwyn fydd byd a gano. Gwaraidd fydd ei gerddi fo", was composed by the poet T. Gwynn Jones in 1946, a few months after the eisteddfod was established. It has appeared on the Eisteddfod trophies, artwork and various artefacts of the eisteddfod for 75 years. [3]
The Urdd National Eisteddfod (Welsh: Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Urdd Gobaith Cymru or Eisteddfod Genedlaethol yr Urdd) is an annual Welsh-language youth festival of literature, music and performing arts organised by Urdd Gobaith Cymru. It is the youth counterpart to the National Eisteddfod of Wales.
The first executive meeting of the Eisteddfod was held on 20 February 1933, and the first official program included 84 vocal, choral, speech, and musical events, drawing 5,410 entries. The opening ceremony on 19 August 2023 featured performances by notable artists such as Joan Hammond, Ernest Llewellyn, and Joy Nichols. [citation needed]
According to the Introduction of the Transactions of the Royal National Eisteddfod of Wales, Liverpool, 1884: "The records thus furnished, take us back to a time of Prydain ab Aedd Mawr, who is said to have lived about a thousand years before the Christian era, and who established the Gorsedd as an institution to perpetuate the works of the poets and musicians.
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The first chair made for the modern form of Eisteddfod was at the Carmarthen event of 1819. They became regular prizes after the National Eisteddfod was introduced in the 1860s. [ 8 ] In 2015 a 9-foot (2.7 m) high Eisteddfod chair was created and installed at the top of Cardigan Castle's East Tower, as a centrepiece of an exhibition about the ...