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Topical atropine is used as a cycloplegic, to temporarily paralyze the accommodation reflex, and as a mydriatic, to dilate the pupils. [15] Atropine degrades slowly, typically wearing off in 7 to 14 days, so it is generally used as a therapeutic mydriatic, whereas tropicamide (a shorter-acting cholinergic antagonist) or phenylephrine (an α-adrenergic agonist) is preferred as an aid to ...
Methylatropine, sold under the brand name Eumydrin, is a belladonna derivative. [1]In 1902, the Bayer Company introduced methylatropine, a quaternary ammonium salt of atropine, as a mydriatic for dilation of the pupil during ophthalmic examination under the brand name of Eumydrin.
Acetylcholine hyperpolarizes the sinoatrial node; this is overcome by MRAs, and thus they increase the heart rate. If atropine is given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, it causes initial bradycardia. This is because when administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously atropine acts on presynaptic M1 receptors (autoreceptors).
Chemically, ipratropium bromide is a quaternary ammonium compound (which is indicated by the -ium per the BAN and the USAN) [25] obtained by treating atropine with isopropyl bromide, thus the name: isopropyl + atropine. [citation needed] It is chemically related to components of the plant Datura stramonium, which was used in ancient India for ...
Atropine, racemic hyoscyamine, from the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) Hyoscyamine, the levo-isomer of atropine, from henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), mandrake (Mandragora officinarum) and the sorcerers' tree (Latua pubiflora). Scopolamine, from henbane and Datura species (Jimson weed)
The ATNAA provides atropine and pralidoxime chloride in a single delivery system, although the two drugs are separate within the device. [1] [2] The use of the device is only to be administered in the extreme case of organophosphate poisoning.
When atropine and pralidoxime are used together, the signs of atropinization (flushing, mydriasis, tachycardia, dryness of the mouth and nose) may occur earlier than might be expected when atropine is used alone. This is especially true if the total dose of atropine has been large and the administration of pralidoxime has been delayed.
Homatropine is less potent than atropine and has a shorter duration of action. It is available as the hydrobromide salt . Homatropine is also given as an atropine substitute, [ 1 ] given to reverse the muscarinic and CNS effects associated with indirect cholinomimetic (anti-AChase) administration.