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It does not resorb, and is biocompatible, forming a seal against the tooth material that minimizes leakage. [1] Originally, MTA was dark gray in color, but white versions have been on the market since 2002. Bismuth oxide, which was added as a radioopacifier (to make the filling stand out on X-rays), [citation needed] can discolour the teeth. [3]
Heat and byproducts generated cannot damage the tooth or patient, since the reaction needs to take place while in contact with the tooth during restoration. This ultimately limits the strength of the materials, since harder materials need more energy to manipulate. The type of filling material used has a minor effect on how long they last.
Back teeth showing fissure system. Dental caries is an upset of the balance between loss and gain of minerals from a tooth surface. [3] The loss of minerals from the teeth occurs from the bacteria within the mouth, fermenting foods and producing acids, whereas the tooth gains minerals from our saliva and fluoride that is present within the mouth. [3]
A glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a dental restorative material used in dentistry as a filling material and luting cement, [1] including for orthodontic bracket attachment. [2] Glass-ionomer cements are based on the reaction of silicate glass-powder (calciumaluminofluorosilicate glass [ 3 ] ) and polyacrylic acid , an ionomer .
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In Italy evidence dated to the Paleolithic, around 13,000 years ago, points to bitumen used to fill a tooth [2] and in Neolithic Slovenia, 6500 years ago, beeswax was used to close a fracture in a tooth. [3] Graeco-Roman literature, such as Pliny the Elder's Naturalis Historia (AD 23–79), contains references to filling materials for hollow ...
Time and expense: Due to the sometimes complicated application procedures and the need to keep the prepared tooth absolutely dry, composite restorations may take up to 20 minutes longer than equivalent amalgam restorations. [25] Longer time in the dental chair may test the patience of children, making the procedure more difficult for the dentist.
Amalgam filling on first molar. In dentistry, amalgam is an alloy of mercury used to fill teeth cavities. [1] It is made by mixing a combination of liquid mercury and particles of solid metals such as silver, copper or tin. The amalgam is mixed by the dentist just before use.
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