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Conching is a process used in the manufacture of chocolate whereby a surface scraping mixer and agitator, known as a conche, evenly distributes cocoa butter within chocolate and may act as a "polisher" of the particles. [1] It also promotes flavor development through frictional heat, release of volatiles and acids, and oxidation.
Through its branch network, workshops, national conferences and publications NATECLA shares information, expertise, comment and good practice with its members, most of whom are involved in the education and training of adults whose first language is not English. Typically members are teachers, tutors, trainers, lecturers, teacher trainers ...
English: The dual purpose of this book is to set forth guidelines for appreciating the kinds of instructional materials available for the uncommonly taught languages and to suggest an approach to writing new materials which will be as adaptable as possible.
Variably known as English as a foreign language (EFL), English as a second language (ESL), English for speakers of other languages (ESOL), English as an additional language (EAL), or English as a new language (ENL), these terms denote the study of English in environments where it is not the dominant language.
Inventor of conching Rudolf Lindt (16 July 1855 – 20 February 1909), often known by his francized name Rodolphe Lindt , was a Swiss chocolate maker, chocolatier and inventor. He founded the Lindt brand of Swiss chocolate and invented the conching machine [ 1 ] and other processes to improve the quality of chocolate.
In most English-speaking education centers, French, Spanish, and German are the most popular languages to study and learn. English as a Second Language (ESL) is also available for students whose first language is not English and they are unable to speak it to the required standard. [citation needed]
Preparing good lessons in SDAIE require awareness that the student is not a native English speaker and avoidance of those aspects of English that might make it difficult for a person learning English as a second language. This includes avoiding idiomatic English, which may seem natural to a native speaker but would confuse non-native speakers.
In Cambodian schools today, however, English is taught from grade seven and is the most popular foreign language studied. Adults can learn English with informal education programs. [36] Professional, institutional, and governmental motivations exist for teaching and learning English as a foreign language. [37]