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Differential dynamic programming (DDP) is an optimal control algorithm of the trajectory optimization class. The algorithm was introduced in 1966 by Mayne [1] and subsequently analysed in Jacobson and Mayne's eponymous book. [2] The algorithm uses locally-quadratic models of the dynamics and cost functions, and displays quadratic convergence ...
In September 2022, Meta announced that PyTorch would be governed by the independent PyTorch Foundation, a newly created subsidiary of the Linux Foundation. [ 24 ] PyTorch 2.0 was released on 15 March 2023, introducing TorchDynamo , a Python-level compiler that makes code run up to 2x faster, along with significant improvements in training and ...
The torch package also simplifies object-oriented programming and serialization by providing various convenience functions which are used throughout its packages. The torch.class(classname, parentclass) function can be used to create object factories ().
PyTorch Lightning is an open-source Python library that provides a high-level interface for PyTorch, a popular deep learning framework. [1] It is a lightweight and high-performance framework that organizes PyTorch code to decouple research from engineering, thus making deep learning experiments easier to read and reproduce.
Temporal difference (TD) learning refers to a class of model-free reinforcement learning methods which learn by bootstrapping from the current estimate of the value function. These methods sample from the environment, like Monte Carlo methods, and perform updates based on current estimates, like dynamic programming methods. [1]
This specific example is the Schrödinger equation for a particle in a potential (), but the structure is more general. In many practical partial differential equations, one has a term that involves derivatives (such as a kinetic energy contribution), and a multiplication with a function (for example, a potential).
Various techniques exist to train policies to solve tasks with deep reinforcement learning algorithms, each having their own benefits. At the highest level, there is a distinction between model-based and model-free reinforcement learning, which refers to whether the algorithm attempts to learn a forward model of the environment dynamics.
Diffusion models were introduced in 2015 as a method to learn a model that can sample from a highly complex probability distribution. They used techniques from non-equilibrium thermodynamics, especially diffusion. [15] Consider, for example, how one might model the distribution of all naturally-occurring photos.