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A fourfold increased incidence from the third to the eight decade in men and a preponderance among women of approximately 55-70%. [24] The average mean age of affected patients is 60 years. [16] Thrombophlebitis can develop along the arm, back, or neck veins, the leg is by far the most common site.
The management of lipodermatosclerosis may include treating venous insufficiency with leg elevation and elastic compression stockings. [9] In some difficult cases, the condition may be improved with the additional use of the fibrinolytic agent, stanozol. Fibrinolytic agents use an enzymatic action to help dissolve blood clots.
They present as multiple small or large bumps characteristically on the heels and wrists. [2] Most are asymptomatic and pain is rare, although some may present with pain before the bumps are noticed. [3] They generally occur bilaterally and display a yellowish to skin-color. [3] They may feel soft or firm. [3] [4]
Up to 11% of women [2] Lipedema is a condition that is almost exclusively found in women [ 3 ] and results in enlargement of both legs due to deposits of fat under the skin. [ 2 ] Women of any weight may be affected [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and the fat is resistant to traditional weight-loss methods. [ 4 ]
Edema (American English), also spelled oedema (British English), and also known as fluid retention, dropsy and hydropsy, is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue, [1] a type of swelling. [4] Most commonly, the legs or arms are affected. [1] Symptoms may include skin that feels tight, the area feeling heavy, and joint stiffness. [1]
A noticeable lump in relation to an extremity may be the first presenting symptom. Multiple deformities can arise, namely coronal plane deformities around the knees, ankles, shoulders, elbows, and wrists. For example, genu valgum (knock knees), ankle valgus, ulnar bowing and shortening, and radial head subluxation are encountered.
Around 2% of the general population has a lipoma. [2] These tumors can occur at any age, but are most common in middle age, often appearing in people from 40 to 60 years old. [ 27 ] Cutaneous lipomas are rare in children, but these tumors can occur as part of the inherited disease Bannayan-Zonana syndrome .
The pathophysiology is not yet well understood. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is proposed to be the underlying cause resulting in reactive lymphedema. [2] Prolonged standing with full knee extension and minimal movement for a prolonged period of time is postulated to induce a temporary failure in pumping the venous and lymphatic systems in the calf region leading to acute gravity-dependent ...