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The endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most of the flowering plants following double fertilization. It is triploid (meaning three chromosome sets per nucleus) in most species, [1] which may be auxin-driven. [2] It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also contain oils and protein. This ...
This glossary of chemistry terms is a list of terms and definitions relevant to chemistry, including chemical laws, diagrams and formulae, laboratory tools, glassware, and equipment. Chemistry is a physical science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter , as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions ...
In contrast to enriched flour, whole wheat flour contains both the bran and the germ. The remaining and largest portion of the seed is the endosperm. It acts as a nutrient reservoir for the developing embryo. The endosperm contains a large amount of carbohydrates, protein, iron, B vitamins (niacin and riboflavin), and soluble fiber.
In the practice, this means that farmers can alter this balance to make all fruits mature a little later, at a same time, or 'glue' the fruit in the trees until the harvest day (because ABA participates in the maturation of the fruits, and many crops mature and drop a few fruits a day for several weeks, that is undesirable for markets).
A refined grain is defined as having undergone a process that removes the bran, germ and husk of the grain and leaves the endosperm, or starchy interior. [1] Examples of refined grains include white bread, white flour, corn grits and white rice. [2] Refined grains are milled which gives a finer texture and improved shelf life. [3]
Detailed illustration of the different parts constituting a wheat kernel. The germ of a cereal grain is the part that develops into a plant; [1] it is the seed embryo. [2] Along with bran, germ is often a by-product of the milling [3] that produces refined grain products.
Hormones also mediate endosperm dormancy: Endosperm in most seeds is composed of living tissue that can actively respond to hormones generated by the embryo. The endosperm often acts as a barrier to seed germination, playing a part in seed coat dormancy or in the germination process.
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...