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One of the first betatrons built by Donald Kerst (visible right) at University of Illinois, 1940. Its 4-ton magnet could accelerate electrons to 24 MeV. A German 6 MeV betatron (1942) A 35 MeV betatron used for photonuclear physics at the University of Melbourne.
The first usage of the word electricity is ascribed to Sir Thomas Browne in his 1646 work, Pseudodoxia Epidemica. The first appearance of the term electromagnetism was in Magnes, [35] by the Jesuit luminary Athanasius Kircher, in 1641, which carries the provocative chapter-heading: "Elektro-magnetismos i.e.
[11] [page needed] This was also the first distinction between the roles of conductors and insulators (names applied by John Desaguliers, mathematician and Royal Society member, who stated that Gray "has made greater variety of electrical experiments than all the philosophers of this and the last age".) [11] [page needed] Georges-Louis LeSage ...
Michael Faraday was born on 22 September 1791 in Newington Butts, [8] Surrey, which is now part of the London Borough of Southwark. [9] His family was not well off. His father, James, was a member of the Glasite sect of Christianity.
The theory of special relativity plays an important role in the modern theory of classical electromagnetism.It gives formulas for how electromagnetic objects, in particular the electric and magnetic fields, are altered under a Lorentz transformation from one inertial frame of reference to another.
Electricity and Magnetism is a standard textbook in electromagnetism originally written by Nobel laureate Edward Mills Purcell in 1963. [1] Along with David Griffiths ' Introduction to Electrodynamics , this book is one of the most widely adopted undergraduate textbooks in electromagnetism . [ 2 ]
1 T to 2.4 T – coil gap of a typical loudspeaker magnet; 1.5 T to 3 T – strength of medical magnetic resonance imaging systems in practice, experimentally up to 17 T [10] 4 T – strength of the superconducting magnet built around the CMS detector at CERN [11] 5.16 T – the strength of a specially designed room temperature Halbach array [12]
During World War II, Lawrence developed electromagnetic isotope separation at the Radiation Laboratory. It used devices known as calutrons, a hybrid of the standard laboratory mass spectrometer and cyclotron. A huge electromagnetic separation plant was built at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, which came to be called Y-12. The process was inefficient, but ...