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[4] [5] Conversely, physical dependence involves entirely somatic symptoms, such as diarrhea, myalgia, nausea, sweating, tremors, and other symptoms that are readily observable. [4] [16] Substance dependence is a general term that can refer to either psychological or physical dependence, or both, depending on the specific substance involved. [4]
Environmental dependency syndrome, [1] also called Zelig syndrome or Zelig-like syndrome from the name of the protagonist of Woody Allen's Zelig, [2] is a syndrome where the affected individual relies on environmental cues in order to accomplish goals or tasks.
Another key contributor to the establishment of dependency need theory was Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development. Freud's theory of psychosexual development Sigmund Freud came up with a five-stage theory that stated human beings are born with sexual energy; this energy was thought to develop in five stages (oral, anal, phallic ...
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. [1] [2] Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts, feelings, and motives.
Environmental psychology also interacts with the other interdisciplinary specialization field of psychology, which include: developmental psychology, cognitive science, industrial and organizational psychology, psychobiology, psychoanalysis, [14] and social neuroscience. This multidisciplinary approach allows for a more comprehensive ...
The counterdependent personality has been described as being addicted to activity and suffering from grandiosity, as acting strong and pushing others away. [9] Out of a fear of being crowded, they avoid contact with others, something which can lead through emotional isolation to depression.
The word is derived from the Latin word verbum (also the source of verbiage), plus the verb gerĕre, to carry on or conduct, from which the Latin verb verbigerāre, to talk or chat, is derived. However, clinically the term verbigeration never achieved popularity and as such has virtually disappeared from psychiatric terminology.
For example, a rat can be trained to push a lever to receive food whenever a light is turned on; in this example, the light is the antecedent stimulus, the lever pushing is the operant behavior, and the food is the reinforcer. Likewise, a student that receives attention and praise when answering a teacher's question will be more likely to ...