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Vocal cord paresis, also known as recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis or vocal fold paralysis, is an injury to one or both recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs), which control all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle. The RLN is important for speaking, breathing and swallowing.
Laryngeal paralysis in animals is a condition in which the nerves and muscles that control the movements of one or both arytenoid cartilages of the larynx cease to function, and instead of opening during aspiration and closing during swallowing, the arytenoids remain stationary in a somewhat neutral position. Specifically, the muscle that ...
The terminal branch is called the inferior laryngeal nerve. [6]: 19 Unlike the other nerves supplying the larynx, the right and left RLNs lack bilateral symmetry. [7] The left RLN is longer than the right, because it crosses under the arch of the aorta at the ligamentum arteriosum. [4]: 1346–1347
Tucker syndrome, also known as Ptosis-vocal cord paralysis syndrome, is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by congenital bilateral ptosis and (also congenital and bilateral) recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis. [1] [2] [3] Additional findings include short stature. [4] It was described in a small 2-generation family (a man and ...
Spasmodic dysphonia, also known as laryngeal dystonia, is a disorder in which the muscles that generate a person's voice go into periods of spasm. [1] [2] This results in breaks or interruptions in the voice, often every few sentences, which can make a person difficult to understand. [1]
The external laryngeal nerve is the smaller, external branch. It descends on the larynx, beneath the sternothyroid muscle, to supply the cricothyroid muscle.The external branch functions to stretch the vocal cords by activating the cricothyroid muscle, increasing pitch.
Due to its low frequency of occurrence, more common causes of hoarseness should be considered when suspecting left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (LRLN).. When considering cardiovocal syndrome, the most common historical cause is a dilated left atrium due to mitral stenosis, but other causes, including pulmonary hypertension, [2] thoracic aortic aneurysms, an enlarged pulmonary artery [3] and ...
Vocal cord nodules are bilaterally symmetrical benign white masses that form at the midpoint of the vocal folds. [1] Although diagnosis involves a physical examination of the head and neck, as well as perceptual voice measures, visualization of the vocal nodules via laryngeal endoscopy remains the primary diagnostic method.