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A polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) is a passive sampling device which allows for the in situ collection of a time-integrated average of hydrophilic organic contaminants developed by researchers with the United States Geological Survey in Columbia, Missouri. [1]
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (also PFAS, [1] PFASs, [2] and sometimes referred to as "forever chemicals" [3] [4]) are a group of synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain; there are 7 million such chemicals according to PubChem. [5]
14 September 2021 EPA announced plans to revise effluent guidelines for businesses that conduct chromium electroplating operations and discharge PFAS in their wastewater. [ 114 ] [ 115 ] 21 October 2021 EPA announced "a whole-of-agency approach" for addressing PFAS, titled "PFAS Strategic Roadmap: EPA's Commitments to Action 2021-2024".
A new EU drinking water directive issued in 2020 adopted PFAS limit values. The limit values are 0.1 μg/L for the sum of 20 PFASs including PFHxS, and 0.5 μg/L for the sum of all PFASs. This directive is binding for all EU member nations. It is a minimum directive, and member states can elect to adopt stricter regulations. [19]
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (conjugate base perfluorooctanesulfonate) is a chemical compound having an eight-carbon fluorocarbon chain and a sulfonic acid functional group, and thus it is a perfluorosulfonic acid and a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS).
Common contaminants found in brownfields include PFAS and heavy metals, in addition to other compounds that can cause economic, environmental, and social issues when present. [3] Human health can be impacted by means of cancer, brain damage, immune and nervous disorders, liver and kidney disease, and birth defects. [3]
The PFT can be released in a variety of ways, depending on the application, and may be as simple as spraying it into the air. Samples are then collected at set times and locations, and either taken to a laboratory for analysis, or analysed in the field. Analysis of the samples typically involves three parts; preparation, chromatography and ...
Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) is a PFAS chemical compound having a four-carbon fluorocarbon chain and a sulfonic acid functional group. It is stable and unreactive because of the strength of carbon–fluorine bonds. It can occur in the form of a colorless liquid or a corrosive solid. [1]