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The total protein concentration is exhibited by a color change of the sample solution in proportion to protein concentration, which can then be measured using colorimetric techniques. It is named for the biochemist Oliver H. Lowry who developed the reagent in the 1940s. His 1951 paper describing the technique is the most-highly cited paper ever ...
The characteristic color of a positive biuret test. In chemistry, the biuret test (IPA: / ˌ b aɪ j ə ˈ r ɛ t /, / ˈ b aɪ j ə ˌ r ɛ t / [1]), also known as Piotrowski's test, is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of at least two peptide bonds in a molecule.
The reagent does not measure only phenols, but will react with any reducing substance. It therefore measures the total reducing capacity of a sample, not just phenolic compounds. This reagent is part of the Lowry protein assay, and will also react with some nitrogen-containing compounds such as hydroxylamine and guanidine. [3]
An assay (analysis) is never an isolated process, as it must be accompanied with pre- and post-analytic procedures. Both the communication order (the request to perform an assay plus related information) and the handling of the specimen itself (the collecting, documenting, transporting, and processing done before beginning the assay) are pre-analytic steps.
Bradford assay method uses a dye to bind to protein. Most commonly, Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 dye is used. When free of protein, the dye is red but once bound to protein it turns blue. [11] The dye-protein complex absorbs light maximally at the wavelength 595 nanometers and is sensitive for samples containing anywhere from 1 ug to 60 ug.
As of 2010, assays that incorporate an array of antibodies against specific protein marker molecules are an emerging technology; there are hopes for these multiplex assays that could measure many markers at once. [44] Other potential future biomarkers include micro RNA molecules, which cancerous cells express more of than healthy ones. [45]
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As of September 2015, his 1951 paper in the Journal of Biological Chemistry [5] describing the protein assay was still the most-highly cited paper in history, with more than 310,000 citations, [6] although Lowry stated it was not the most important paper he had ever written.