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In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, F s = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of the spring.
For a stretched spring fixed at one end obeying Hooke's law, the elastic potential energy is Δ E p = 1 2 k ( r 2 − r 1 ) 2 {\displaystyle \Delta E_{p}={\frac {1}{2}}k(r_{2}-r_{1})^{2}} where r 2 and r 1 are collinear coordinates of the free end of the spring, in the direction of the extension/compression, and k is the spring constant.
The following table gives formula for the spring that is equivalent to a system of two springs, in series or in parallel, whose spring constants are and . [1] The compliance c {\displaystyle c} of a spring is the reciprocal 1 / k {\displaystyle 1/k} of its spring constant.)
The rate or spring constant of a spring is the change in the force it exerts, divided by the change in deflection of the spring. That is, it is the gradient of the force versus deflection curve . An extension or compression spring's rate is expressed in units of force divided by distance, for example or N/m or lbf/in.
The constants listed here are known values of physical constants expressed in SI units; that is, physical quantities that are generally believed to be universal in nature and thus are independent of the unit system in which they are measured. Many of these are redundant, in the sense that they obey a known relationship with other physical ...
Perpendicular distance between repeating units of a wave m L: Wavenumber: k: Repetency or spatial frequency: the number of cycles per unit distance m −1: L −1: scalar Work: W: Transferred energy joule (J) L 2 M T −2: scalar Young's modulus: E: Ratio of stress to strain pascal (Pa = N/m 2) L −1 M T −2: scalar; assumes isotropic linear ...
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Thermodynamic work is one of the principal kinds of process by which a thermodynamic system can interact with and transfer energy to its surroundings. This results in externally measurable macroscopic forces on the system's surroundings, which can cause mechanical work, to lift a weight, for example, [1] or cause changes in electromagnetic, [2] [3] [4] or gravitational [5] variables.