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A high-level overview of network bridging, using the ISO/OSI layers and terminology. A network bridge is a computer networking device that creates a single, aggregate network from multiple communication networks or network segments. This function is called network bridging. [1] Bridging is distinct from routing.
A residential gateway is a small consumer-grade gateway which bridges network access between connected local area network (LAN) hosts to a wide area network (WAN) (such as the Internet) via a modem, or directly connects to a WAN (as in EttH), while routing. The WAN is a larger computer network, generally operated by an Internet service provider.
Suppose one has a Wi-Fi-capable game console. This device needs to send one packet to a WAN host, and receive one packet in reply. Network 1: A wireless base station acting as a simple (non-WDS) wireless router. The packet leaves the game console, goes over-the-air to the router, which then transmits it across the WAN.
A gateway is a piece of networking hardware or software used in telecommunications networks that allows data to flow from one discrete network to another. Gateways are distinct from routers or switches in that they communicate using more than one protocol to connect multiple networks [1] [2] and can operate at any of the seven layers of the OSI model.
IEEE 802.11c is an amendment to the IEEE 802.1D MAC bridging standard to incorporate bridging in wireless bridges or access points. This work is now part of IEEE 802.1D-2004 . 802.11c was ratified in October 1998 and is a supplement to IEEE 802.1D that adds requirements associated with bridging 802.11 wireless client devices.
A bridge router or brouter [1] is a network device that works as a bridge and as a router. The brouter routes packets for known protocols and simply forwards all other packets as a bridge would. [2] Brouters operate at both the network layer for routable protocols and at the data link layer for non-routable protocols. As networks continue to ...
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A wireless network interface controller may be implemented as an expansion card and connected using PCI bus or PCIe bus, or connected via USB, PC Card, ExpressCard, Mini PCIe or M.2. The low cost and ubiquity of the Wi-Fi standard means that many newer mobile computers have a wireless network interface built into the motherboard.