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The Möbius function () is a multiplicative function in number theory introduced by the German mathematician August Ferdinand Möbius (also transliterated Moebius) in 1832. [i] [ii] [2] It is ubiquitous in elementary and analytic number theory and most often appears as part of its namesake the Möbius inversion formula.
The formula is also correct if f and g are functions from the positive integers into some abelian group (viewed as a Z-module). In the language of Dirichlet convolutions, the first formula may be written as = where ∗ denotes the Dirichlet convolution, and 1 is the constant function 1(n) = 1. The second formula is then written as
The existence of the inverse Möbius transformation and its explicit formula are easily derived by the composition of the inverse functions of the simpler transformations. That is, define functions g 1 , g 2 , g 3 , g 4 such that each g i is the inverse of f i .
Examples of this trope include Martin Gardner ' s "No-Sided Professor" (1946), Armin Joseph Deutsch ' s "A Subway Named Mobius" (1950) and the film Moebius (1996) based on it. An entire world shaped like a Möbius strip is the setting of Arthur C. Clarke 's "The Wall of Darkness" (1946), while conventional Möbius strips are used as clever ...
His interest in number theory led to the important Möbius function μ(n) and the Möbius inversion formula. In Euclidean geometry, he systematically developed the use of signed angles and line segments as a way of simplifying and unifying results.
Mertens function to n = 10 000 Mertens function to n = 10 000 000. In number theory, the Mertens function is defined for all positive integers n as = = (),where () is the Möbius function.
The bilinear transform is a first-order Padé approximant of the natural logarithm function that is an exact mapping of the z-plane to the s-plane.When the Laplace transform is performed on a discrete-time signal (with each element of the discrete-time sequence attached to a correspondingly delayed unit impulse), the result is precisely the Z transform of the discrete-time sequence with the ...
(If one of the four points is the line's point at infinity, then the two distances involving that point are dropped from the formula.) The point D is the harmonic conjugate of C with respect to A and B precisely if the cross-ratio of the quadruple is −1 , called the harmonic ratio .