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Polyphony (/ p ə ˈ l ɪ f ə n i / pə-LIF-ə-nee) is a type of musical texture consisting of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody, as opposed to a musical texture with just one voice or a texture with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords ().
Characteristic texture of the Classical period and continued to predominate in Romantic music while in the 20th century, "popular music is nearly all homophonic," and, "much of jazz is also" though, "the simultaneous improvisations of some jazz musicians creates a true polyphony". [4]
Léonin's two-part version of Viderunt Omnes was written about 1170 (the composer's dates are fl. 1150s — d. ? 1201). In his variation, the bottom voice sings the familiar chant as a drone while the top voice echoes in rich polyphony—a symbol of religious unity; a form of communal togetherness.
In European classical music, imitative writing was featured heavily in the highly polyphonic compositions of the Renaissance and Baroque eras.A more improvisatory form of imitation can be found in Arab and Indian vocal music where the instrumentalist may accompany the vocalist in a vocal improvisation with imitation.
Lauda – Devotional song popular in the medieval Italian church. Motet – Polyphonic choral composition based on a sacred text. Mozarabic chant – Monophonic liturgical music used in the liturgy of the Mozarabic Rite. Organum – Early form of polyphonic music involving the addition of one or more voices to a preexisting chant.
Traditional sub-Saharan African harmony is a music theory of harmony in sub-Saharan African music based on the principles of homophonic parallelism (chords based around a leading melody that follow its rhythm and contour), homophonic polyphony (independent parts moving together), counter-melody (secondary melody) and ostinato-variation (variations based on a repeated theme).
The music is polyphonic and was published in 1599. The madrigal contains four voices and uses occasional imitation. It also alternates between triple and duple beat subdivisions of the beat in different parts of the work. Fair Phyllis by Collegium Vocale Bydgoszcz. This is an English madrigal. Farmer uses clever word painting.
In its typical specialized usage, the word chanson refers to a polyphonic French song of the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. [4] Early chansons tended to be in one of the formes fixes — ballade , rondeau or virelai (formerly the chanson baladée )—though some composers later set popular poetry in a variety of forms.