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Syria's relations with the Arab world were strained by its support for Iran during the Iran–Iraq War, which began in 1980. With the end of the war in August 1988, Syria began a slow process of reintegration with the other Arab states. In 1989, it joined with the rest of the Arab world in readmitting Egypt to the 19th Arab League Summit at ...
In a major shift in relations with both other Arab states and the Western world, Syria participated in the United States-led Gulf War against Saddam Hussein. The country participated in the multilateral Madrid Conference of 1991, and during the 1990s engaged in negotiations with Israel along with Palestine and Jordan.
The agreement said that Syria, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia would safeguard Arab security and defend the Arab World against US-led Baghdad Pact. [8] By 1958 this deterioration in the relationship had led to King Saud offering a bribe of £1.9 million to Abdel Hamid al-Sarraj , the head of Syrian intelligence at the time and later vice president of ...
Iraq–Syria relations are the bilateral/diplomatic relations between the sovereign states of Iraq and Syria. Both countries/nations are neighbours and they share the Iraq–Syria border . Relations are marked by long-shared cultural and political links, as well as former regional rivalry.
Russia enjoys a historically strong, stable, and friendly relationship with Syria, as it did with most countries within the Arab World up until the Arab Spring. [1] Russia's only Mediterranean naval base for its Black Sea Fleet is located in the Syrian port city of Tartus. [2]
Their relations, though often fluctuating, have been shaped by regional politics, Arab unity, and external alliances. Historically, Sudan and Syria both played roles in pan-Arab organizations such as the Arab League, which they joined early after their independence — Sudan in 1956 and Syria as a founding member in 1945. [5]
During the Iran–Iraq War, Syria sided with non-Arab Iran against Iraq and was isolated by Saudi Arabia and some of the Arab countries, with the exceptions of Libya, Lebanon, Algeria, Sudan and Oman. [2] As one of Iran's few Arab allies during the war, Syria shut down an Iraqi oil pipeline (Kirkuk–Baniyas pipeline) to deprive the Iraqis of ...
International reactions to the Syrian civil war ranged from support for the government to calls for the government to dissolve. The Arab League, United Nations and Western governments in 2011 quickly condemned the Syrian government's response to the protests which later evolved into the Syrian civil war as overly heavy-handed and violent.