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2. Division (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_(mathematics)

   In terms of partition, 20 / 5 means the size of each of 5 parts into which a set of size 20 is divided. For example, 20 apples divide into five groups of four apples, meaning that "twenty divided by five is equal to four". This is denoted as 20 / 5 = 4, or ⁠ 20 / 5 ⁠ = 4. [2] In the example, 20 is the dividend, 5 is the divisor, and 4 is ...

3. Percentage - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage

   In general, if an increase of x percent is followed by a decrease of x percent, and the initial amount was p, the final amount is p (1 + 0.01 x)(1 − 0.01 x) = p (1 − (0.01 x) 2); hence the net change is an overall decrease by x percent of x percent (the square of the original percent change when expressed as a decimal number).

4. Repeating decimal - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeating_decimal

   ⁠ 5 / 7 ⁠ = 5 × 0. 142857 = 0. 714285 ⁠ 6 / 7 ⁠ = 6 × 0. 142857 = 0. 857142; The reason for the cyclic behavior is apparent from an arithmetic exercise of long division of ⁠ 1 / 7 ⁠: the sequential remainders are the cyclic sequence {1, 3, 2, 6, 4, 5}. See also the article 142,857 for more properties of this cyclic number.

5. Scale (ratio) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_(ratio)

   The fraction 1/10,000 used for a local map is much larger than the 1/100,000,000 used for a global map. There is no fixed dividing line between small and large scales.) A scale model is a representation or copy of an object that is larger or smaller than the actual size of the object being represented.

6. LogMAR chart - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LogMAR_chart

   The chart was designed by Ian Bailey [5] and Jan E. Lovie-Kitchin at the National Vision Research Institute of Australia. [1] [3] They described their motivation for designing the LogMAR chart as follows: "We have designed a series of near vision charts in which the typeface, size progression, size range, number of words per row and spacings were chosen in an endeavour to achieve a ...

7. Significant figures - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significant_figures

   If the n + 1 digit is greater than 5 or is 5 followed by other non-zero digits, add 1 to the n digit. For example, if we want to round 1.2459 to 3 significant figures, then this step results in 1.25. If the n + 1 digit is 5 not followed by other digits or followed by only zeros, then rounding requires a tie-breaking rule. For example, to round ...