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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), is a member of the genus Alphavirus, and family Togaviridae. CHIKV features an icosahedral capsid surrounded by a lipid envelope, with a diameter ranging from 60 to 70 nm [24]. It was first isolated in 1953 in Tanzania and is an RNA virus with a positive-sense single-stranded genome of about 11.6kb. [25]
Chikungunya: Laboratory criteria include a decreased lymphocyte count consistent with viremia. Definitive laboratory diagnosis can be accomplished through viral isolation, RT-PCR, or serological diagnosis. Supportive care: Under research [9] Chlamydia trachomatis: Chlamydia
Outbreaks of chikungunya, on average, have low mortality rates. [2] As it is generally a nonfatal disease, prevalence rates during most outbreaks are higher than incidence rates. [6] Recently, it was discovered that approximately 39% of the worldwide population resides in environments where the chikungunya virus is endemic. [7]
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A Chikungunya vaccine is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against the chikungunya virus. [5] [6] The most commonly reported side effects include headache, fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain, fever, nausea and tenderness at the injection site. [11] The first chikungunya vaccine was approved for medical use in the United States in ...
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Mosquito-borne diseases that are sensitive to climate include malaria, lymphatic filariasis, Rift Valley fever, yellow fever, dengue fever, Zika virus, and chikungunya. [6] [7] [8] Scientists found in 2022 that rising temperatures are increasing the areas where dengue fever, malaria and other mosquito-carried diseases are able to spread.
The 2013–2014 chikungunya outbreak represented the first recorded outbreak of the disease outside of tropical Africa and Asia. In December 2013, the first locally transmitted case of chikungunya in the Americas was detected in Saint Martin. Shortly after the first case the disease began to spread rapidly throughout the Caribbean region.