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India is situated north of the equator between 8°4' north (the mainland) to 37°6' north latitude and 68°7' east to 97°25' east longitude. [2] It is the seventh-largest country in the world, with a total area of 3,287,263 square kilometres (1,269,219 sq mi).
[1] [8] [9] The British Raj furthered the system, through census classifications and preferential treatment to Christians and people belonging to certain castes. [8] Social unrest during the 1920s led to a change in this policy towards affirmative action. [10] [11] [12] Today, there are around 3,000 castes and 25,000 sub-castes in India. [13]
Harlan H. Barrows, a geographer at the University of Chicago, nevertheless regarded social geography as one of the three major divisions of geography. [28] Another pre-war concept that combined elements of sociology and geography was the one established by Dutch sociologist Sebald Rudolf Steinmetz and his Amsterdam School of Sociography.
In social geography segregation of ethnic groups, social classes and genders is often measured by the calculation of indices such as the index of dissimilarity. Different dimensions of segregation (or its contrary) are recognized: exposure, evenness, clustering, concentration, centralization, etc. [ 1 ] More recent studies also highlight new ...
Map showing the population density in India, per 2011 Census. [99] India occupies 2.41% of the world's land area but supports over 18% of the world's population. At the 2001 census 72.2% of the population [100] lived in about 638,000 villages [101] and the remaining 27.8% [100] lived in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations. [102]
The political atmosphere in South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires with the ascendancy of Badami Chalukyas. A Southern India-based kingdom took control and consolidated the entire region between the Kaveri and the Narmada Rivers. The rise of this empire saw the birth of efficient administration, overseas trade and commerce ...
India, officially the Republic of India, [j] [21] is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area ; the most populous country from June 2023 onwards; [ 22 ] [ 23 ] and since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy.
Socialist – this implies social and economic equality for all Indian citizens. This guarantees equal opportunity and equal social status. The government attempts to reduce economic inequality by reducing concentration of wealth. Secular – practices separation of religion and state. This implies freedom to choose one's religion.