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Pre-gestational diabetes can be classified as Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the physiological mechanism. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder leading to destruction of insulin-producing cell in the pancreas; type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity and results from a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production.
Cardiovascular disease. Improving your diet and exercise habits can also improve your insulin sensitivity. Also, some causes of insulin resistance, like pregnancy, are temporary.
Grown or made inside the body. Insulin made by a person's own pancreas is endogenous insulin. Insulin that is supplied from outside the body (i.e., injected or otherwise supplied) is exogenous. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) The final phase of many kidney diseases; treated by dialysis or kidney transplantation. See also: Dialysis; nephropathy ...
Insulin is a hormone that facilitates the transport of glucose from blood into cells, thereby reducing blood glucose (blood sugar). Insulin is released by the pancreas in response to carbohydrates consumed in the diet. In states of insulin resistance, the same amount of insulin does not have the same effect on glucose transport and blood sugar ...
More insulin is needed to overcome this resistance; about 1.5–2.5 times more insulin is produced than in a normal pregnancy. [27] Insulin resistance is a normal phenomenon emerging in the second trimester of pregnancy, which in cases of GDM progresses thereafter to levels seen in a non-pregnant woman with type 2 diabetes.
Causes: Medications (insulin, glinides and sulfonylureas), sepsis, kidney failure, certain tumors, liver disease, [1] [6] malnutrition [7] Diagnostic method: Whipple's triad: Symptoms of hypoglycemia, serum blood glucose level <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L), and resolution of symptoms when blood glucose returns to normal [2] Treatment: Eating foods ...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to diabetes mellitus (diabetes insipidus not included below): . Diabetes mellitus – group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond properly to the insulin that is produced, [1] a condition called insulin ...
Obesity has been found to contribute to approximately 55% of cases of type 2 diabetes; [10] chronic obesity leads to increased insulin resistance that can develop into type 2 diabetes, [11] most likely because adipose tissue (especially that in the abdomen around internal organs) is a source of several chemical signals, hormones and cytokines, to other tissues.