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Regardless of how one describes the core principles of attachment theory, the key insight is that the same principles of attachment apply to close relationships throughout the lifespan. [11] The principles of attachment in adult relationships are fundamentally the same as the principles of attachment between children and their caregivers. [11]
The dynamic-maturational model of attachment and adaptation (DMM) is a biopsychosocial model describing the effect attachment relationships can have on human development and functioning. It is especially focused on the effects of relationships between children and parents and between reproductive couples.
Attachment theory is not an exhaustive description of human relationships, nor is it synonymous with love and affection, although these may indicate that bonds exist. In child-to-adult relationships, the child's tie is called the "attachment" and the caregiver's reciprocal equivalent is referred to as the "care-giving bond". [14]
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Adult attachment disorder (AAD) develops in adults as the result of an attachment disorder, or reactive attachment disorder, that goes untreated in childhood.It begins with children who were not allowed proper relationships with parents or guardians early in their youth, [1] or were abused by an adult in their developmental stages in life.
There is a transition of this attachment from the parent to a peer in adulthood. It is thought that proximity-seeking behavior is the first thing needed for this transition to occur. [31] Much like the attachment styles identified in infants, there were four attachment styles identified for adults.
Development of the adult attachment theory and adult attachment measures in the 1990s provided researchers with the means to apply the attachment theory to health in a more systematic way. [3] Since that time, it has been used to understand variations in stress response, health outcomes and health behaviour.
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