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Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, [5] is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally.
Standing places significant pressure on the joint of the hips, knees, ankle and feet but without any significant movement of it. [9] This reduces the normal lubrication and cushioning of synovial joints, causing them to tear. The combined effect of pressure and tearing can cause extensive amounts of pain and make it difficult to move or walk. [3]
Diabetic nephropathy, damage to the kidney due to increased glomerular pressure and hyperfiltration can lead to end-stage chronic kidney disease that may require renal dialysis. [27] In most parts of the world, diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).
The most obvious cause is a kidney or systemic disorder, including amyloidosis, [2] polycystic kidney disease, [3] electrolyte imbalance, [4] [5] or some other kidney defect. [ 2 ] The major causes of acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus that produce clinical symptoms (e.g., polyuria) in the adult are lithium toxicity and high blood calcium .
Many persons also suggest a weighing feeling on the abdomen. Pain is typically relieved by lying down. It is believed that flank pain on standing that is relieved by lying down is due to movement of the kidney causing intermittent renal tract obstruction. The attack of colic pain is called 'Dietl's crisis' or 'renal paroxysm'. [citation needed]
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Rates for both chronic kidney disease and mortality have increased, associated with the rising prevalence of diabetes and the ageing global population. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The World Health Organization has reported that "kidney diseases have risen from the world’s nineteenth leading cause of death to the ninth, with the number of deaths increasing by ...
Occasionally it may occur in those without a prior history of diabetes or those with diabetes mellitus type 1. [3] [4] Triggers include infections, stroke, trauma, certain medications, and heart attacks. [4] Other risk factors: Lack of sufficient insulin (but enough to prevent ketosis) [6] Poor kidney function [6] Poor fluid intake (dehydration ...