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In 1988, the Israeli botanist Daniel Zohary and the German botanist Maria Hopf formulated their founder crops hypothesis. They proposed that eight plant species were domesticated by early Neolithic farming communities in Southwest Asia (Fertile Crescent) and went on to form the basis of agricultural economies across much of Eurasia, including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Europe, and North ...
The Neolithic founder crops (or primary domesticates) are the eight plant species that were domesticated by early Holocene (Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B) farming communities in the Fertile Crescent region of southwest Asia, and which formed the basis of systematic agriculture in the Middle East, North Africa, India ...
Regardless, rye's spread from Southwest Asia to the Atlantic was independent of the Neolithic founder crop package. [6] Rice was domesticated in China by 6200 BC [7] with earliest known cultivation from 5700 BC, followed by mung, soy and azuki beans. Rice was also independently domesticated in West Africa and cultivated by 1000 BC.
The term 'neolithic revolution' was invented by V. Gordon Childe in his book Man Makes Himself (1936). [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Childe introduced it as the first in a series of agricultural revolutions in Middle Eastern history, [ 20 ] calling it a "revolution" to denote its significance, the degree of change to communities adopting and refining ...
All of these human achievements of the Neolithic were in place well before we encounter anything like a state in Mesopotamia." [6] Scott then gives his definition of a state, emphasizing the indicators "that point to territoriality and a specialized state apparatus: walls, tax collection, and officials." [7] The Sumerian city of Uruk offers an ...
The oldest evidence for Indian agriculture is in north-west Indian subcontinent dates from the Neolithic c. 8000-6000 BCE, with traces of the cultivation of plants and domestication of crops and animals. [2] India was the largest producer of wheat and grain. Then settled life soon followed with implements and techniques being developed for ...
Vavilov's 1924 scheme suggested that plants were domesticated in China, Hindustan, Central Asia, Asia Minor, Mediterranean, Abyssinia, Central and South America A Vavilov center or center of origin is a geographical area where a group of organisms, either domesticated or wild, first developed its distinctive properties. [ 1 ]
Neolithic domesticated crops in Mehrgarh include more than barley and a small amount of wheat. There is good evidence for the local domestication of barley and the zebu cattle at Mehrgarh, but the wheat varieties are suggested to be of Near-Eastern origin, as the modern distribution of wild varieties of wheat is limited to Northern Levant and ...