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Sir George Cayley, [1] 6th Baronet (27 December 1773 – 15 December 1857) [2] was an English engineer, inventor, and aviator. He is one of the most important people in the history of aeronautics . Many consider him to be the first true scientific aerial investigator and the first person to understand the underlying principles and forces of ...
George Cayley developed the concept of the modern fixed-wing aircraft in 1799, and in doing so identified the four fundamental forces of flight - lift, thrust, drag, and weight. The development of reasonable predictions of the thrust needed to power flight in conjunction with the development of high-lift, low-drag airfoils paved the way for the ...
850 – The Book of Ingenious Devices is published by the Banū Mūsā brothers, describing a number of early automatic controls using fluid mechanics. [6] [7] 1206 – Ismail al-Jazari invented water-powered programmable automata/robots and water music devices. [8]
In 1799, Sir George Cayley became the first person to identify the four aerodynamic forces of flight (weight, lift, drag, and thrust), as well as the relationships between them, [11] [12] and in doing so outlined the path toward achieving heavier-than-air flight for the next century.
Ludwig Prandtl (4 February 1875 – 15 August 1953) [1] was a German fluid dynamicist, physicist and aerospace scientist. He was a pioneer in the development of rigorous systematic mathematical analyses which he used for underlying the science of aerodynamics, which have come to form the basis of the applied science of aeronautical engineering. [2]
The British polymath Sir George Cayley patented a continuous track, which he called a "universal railway" in 1825. [2] Polish mathematician and inventor Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński designed caterpillar vehicles in the 1830s to compete with the railways. [3]
The history of fluid mechanics is a fundamental strand of the history of physics and engineering. The study of the movement of fluids (liquids and gases) and the forces that act upon them dates back to pre-history.
George Cayley also experimented with the design in the early 1800s as an aircraft engine, and claims to have made models that worked for a short time. There is also a persistent claim that conventional carboretted gasoline engine can be run on gunpowder, but no examples of a successful conversion can be documented.
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