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Macroscopic quantum phenomena are processes showing quantum behavior at the macroscopic scale, rather than at the atomic scale where quantum effects are prevalent. The best-known examples of macroscopic quantum phenomena are superfluidity and superconductivity; other examples include the quantum Hall effect, Josephson effect and topological order.
Lilia Milcheva Rapatinska Woods (born 1969) is a Bulgarian-American condensed matter physicist whose research interests include the thermoelectric effect as well as macroscopic quantum phenomena caused by quantum fluctuations, including the Casimir effect. She is a professor of physics at the University of South Florida. [1]
Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. [2]: 1.1 It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Quantum mechanics can describe many systems that classical physics cannot.
A macroscopic quantum state is a state of matter in which macroscopic properties, such as mechanical motion, [1] thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity [2] and viscosity, can be described only by quantum mechanics rather than merely classical mechanics. [3]
An oscillation in the conductivity of a material that occurs at low temperatures in the presence of very intense magnetic fields, the Shubnikov–de Haas effect (SdH) is a macroscopic manifestation of the inherent quantum mechanical nature of matter.
Near the absolute minimum of temperature, the Bose–Einstein condensate exhibits effects on macroscopic scale that demand description by quantum mechanics. In the quantum measurement problem the issue of what constitutes macroscopic and what constitutes the quantum world is unresolved and possibly unsolvable.
Moreover, quantum biology may use computations to model biological interactions in light of quantum mechanical effects. [3] Quantum biology is concerned with the influence of non-trivial quantum phenomena, [4] which can be explained by reducing the biological process to fundamental physics, although these effects are difficult to study and can ...
Quantum tunnelling is among the central non-trivial quantum effects in quantum biology. [33] Here it is important both as electron tunnelling and proton tunnelling. Electron tunnelling is a key factor in many biochemical redox reactions (photosynthesis, cellular respiration) as well as enzymatic catalysis.