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An IP packet is the smallest message entity exchanged via the Internet Protocol across an IP network. IP packets consist of a header for addressing and routing, and a payload for user data. The header contains information about IP version, source IP address , destination IP address, time-to-live , etc.
Every TCP and UDP packet contains a source port number and a destination port number. Each of those packets is encapsulated in an IP packet, whose IP header contains a source IP address and a destination IP address. The IP address/protocol/port number triple defines an association with a network socket.
IP has the task of delivering packets from the source host to the destination host solely based on the IP addresses in the packet headers. For this purpose, IP defines packet structures that encapsulate the data to be delivered. It also defines addressing methods that are used to label the datagram with source and destination information.
In order to properly deliver an IP packet to the destination host on a link, hosts and routers need additional mechanisms to make an association between the hardware address [b] of network interfaces and IP addresses. The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) performs this IP-address-to-hardware-address translation for IPv4. In addition, the ...
IANA, who allocate IP addresses globally, have allocated the single IP address 0.0.0.0 [1] to RFC 1122 section 3.2.1.3. It is named as "This host on this network". RFC 1122 refers to 0.0.0.0 using the notation {0,0}. It prohibits this as a destination address in IPv4 and only allows it as a source address under specific circumstances.
IP addresses are included in the packet header to indicate the source and the destination of each packet. The IP address of the destination is used to make decisions about routing IP packets to other networks. IPv6 is the successor to the first addressing infrastructure of the Internet, Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). In contrast to IPv4 ...
IP addresses are assigned to a host either dynamically as they join the network, or persistently by configuration of the host hardware or software. Persistent configuration is also known as using a static IP address. In contrast, when a computer's IP address is assigned each time it restarts, this is known as using a dynamic IP address.
network identifier: The destination subnet and netmask; metric: The routing metric of the path through which the packet is to be sent. The route will go in the direction of the gateway with the lowest metric. next hop: The next hop, or gateway, is the address of the next station to which the packet is to be sent on the way to its final destination