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Copy-on-write (COW), also called implicit sharing [1] or shadowing, [2] is a resource-management technique [3] used in programming to manage shared data efficiently. Instead of copying data right away when multiple programs use it, the same data is shared between programs until one tries to modify it.
Though std::string no longer uses it, many (perhaps most) alternative string libraries still implement copy-on-write strings. Some string implementations store 16-bit or 32-bit code points instead of bytes, this was intended to facilitate processing of Unicode text. [5]
In computing, a here document (here-document, here-text, heredoc, hereis, here-string or here-script) is a file literal or input stream literal: it is a section of a source code file that is treated as if it were a separate file.
The C preprocessor (used with C, C++ and in other contexts) defines an include directive as a line that starts #include and is followed by a file specification. COBOL defines an include directive indicated by copy in order to include a copybook. Generally, for C/C++ the include directive is used to include a header file, but can
It allows programs to use the same code to read input from both a terminal and a text file. In the ANSI X3.27-1969 magnetic tape standard, the end of file was indicated by a tape mark , which consisted of a gap of approximately 3.5 inches of tape followed by a single byte containing the character 0x13 (hex) for nine-track tapes and 017 (octal ...
The length of a string is the number of code units before the zero code unit. [1] The memory occupied by a string is always one more code unit than the length, as space is needed to store the zero terminator. Generally, the term string means a string where the code unit is of type char, which is exactly 8 bits on all modern machines.
Text Python Any 2013 1.0.1 (2021) Unlicense (PD) perldoc: Larry Wall: Text Perl Any 1994 5.16.3 Artistic, GPL phpDocumentor: Joshua Eichorn Text PHP Any 2000 3.0.0 LGPL for 1.x, MIT for 2+ pydoc: Ka-Ping Yee [1] Text Python Any 2000 in Python core Python: RDoc: Dave Thomas Text C, C++, Ruby Any 2001/12/14 in Ruby core Ruby: ROBODoc: Frans ...
The C standard library, sometimes referred to as libc, [1] is the standard library for the C programming language, as specified in the ISO C standard. [2] Starting from the original ANSI C standard, it was developed at the same time as the C POSIX library, which is a superset of it. [3]