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Use appears to be safe during pregnancy. [9] [3] It is classified as an osmotic laxative: [4] It works by increasing the amount of water in the stool. [5] Macrogol came into use as a bowel prep in 1980 and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1999. [10] [11] [12] It is available as a generic medication and over the counter.
Lactulose is a non-absorbable sugar used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. [3] [4] It is administered orally for constipation, and either orally or rectally for hepatic encephalopathy. [3] It generally begins working after 8–12 hours, but may take up to 2 days to improve constipation. [1] [2]
Docusate is the common chemical and pharmaceutical name of the anion bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, also commonly called dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS). [2] [3] [4]Salts of this anion, especially docusate sodium, are widely used in medicine as an emollient laxative and as stool softeners, by mouth or rectally. [1]
It acts primarily as a stool lubricant, and is thus not associated with abdominal cramps, diarrhea, flatulence, disturbances in electrolytes, or tolerance over long periods of usage, side effects that osmotic and stimulant laxatives often engender (however, some literature suggests that these may still occur).
Osmotic laxatives: Products such as Miralax (polyethylene glycol) pull water from other parts of the body and into the colon. This extra water adds volume and pressure, which can make it easier to ...
Sodium citrate saline is one of the most effective osmotic laxatives (secondary in action only to magnesium citrate). [8] Its laxative action is the result of osmotic imbalance that extracts bound water from stool and pulls it back into the large bowel. The increased water content softens the stool and stimulates the bowel to contract (move its ...
Bulk-forming laxatives, also known as roughage, are substances, such as fiber in food and hydrophilic agents in over-the-counter drugs, that add bulk and water to stools so they can pass more easily through the intestines (lower part of the digestive tract). [2] Properties. Site of action: small and large intestines; Onset of action: 12–72 hours
Intraoperative mannitol prior to vessel clamp release during renal transplant has been shown to reduce post-transplant kidney injury, but has not been shown to reduce graft rejection. [medical citation needed] Mannitol acts as an osmotic laxative [3] [20] in oral doses larger than 20 g, [21] and is sometimes sold as a laxative for children.
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