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ZygoteBody, formerly Google Body, is a web application by Zygote Media Group that renders manipulable 3D anatomical models of the human body. Several layers, from muscle tissues down to blood vessels, can be removed or made transparent to allow better study of individual body parts. Most of the body parts are labelled and are searchable.
In 2011, the company expanded their technology to reach the greater public, compiling all visualizations into a proprietary web-based virtual model of the human body, the BioDigital Human. [10] The BioDigital Human was one of the early systems to leverage WebGL, which allows any supported browser to render 3D models in webpages without plugins.
Virtual Fly Brain is a generic web-based application that allows browsing of 3D image stacks and querying of the underlying anatomy and expression database that is maintained by FlyBase. [2] The Virtual Fly Brain project is carried out by researchers at the University of Cambridge and the University of Edinburgh .
The Anatomography website is maintained by the DBCLS (Database Center for Life Science) non-profit research institute located at the University of Tokyo. Anatomical diagrams generated by Anatomography, and 3D polygon data used on the website (called BodyParts3D), are freely available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license.
Following is a list of notable software, computer programs, used to develop a mathematical representation of any three dimensional surface of objects, as 3D computer graphics, also called 3D modeling.
A "Virtual Radiography" application creates Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs and "virtual surgery", where endoscopic procedures or balloon angioplasty are simulated: the surgeon can view the progress of the instrument on a screen and receives realistic tactile feedback according to what kind of tissue the instrument would currently be touching.
Some models may have changeable genital inserts and other interchangeable parts which permit a unisex model to represent an individual of either sex. [citation needed] Although 3D computer models of anatomy now exist as an alternative, physical anatomical models still have advantages in providing insight into anatomy. [2]
The initial concepts that led to the Virtual Physiological Human initiative came from the IUPS Physiome Project.The project was started in 1997 and represented the first worldwide effort to define the physiome through the development of databases and models which facilitated the understanding of the integrative function of cells, organs, and organisms. [7]