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The Pakistani rupee depreciated against the US dollar until around the start of the 21st century, when Pakistan's large current-account surplus pushed the value of the rupee up versus the dollar. Pakistan's central bank then stabilized by lowering interest rates and buying dollars, in order to preserve the country's export competitiveness.
Although a country's balance of payments will bring its current account and capital account into balance, there will be imbalances between countries' accounts. According to the World Bank data, the current account deficit in the United States is $498 billion in 2019 (The World Bank) Suppose a country's balance of payments deficits are persistent.
US Dollar (37) Euro (28) Composite (8) Other (9) No separate legal tender (16) Ecuador El Salvador Marshall Islands Micronesia Palau Panama Timor-Leste Andorra Monaco San Marino Vatican City Kosovo Montenegro Kiribati Nauru Tuvalu; Currency board (11) Djibouti Hong Kong ; ECCU Antigua and Barbuda Dominica
Countries by total wealth, 2022 (2023 publication) National net wealth, also known as national net worth, is the total sum of the value of a country's assets minus its liabilities.
Pakistan owes US$7.541 billion to Paris Club, US$38.813 billion to multilateral donors, US$7.596 billion to International Monetary Fund, and US$7.8 billion to international bonds such as Eurobonds, and Sukuks. [14] According to a report by AidData, Pakistan's total external debt owed to China amounted to $68.91 billion as of November 2023. [13]
[45] [46] Meanwhile, the largest purchase of US dollars in the history of 1976 [47] was when the West German government achieved an almost 3 billion dollar acquisition (a figure is given as 2.75 billion in total by The Statesman: Volume 18 1974). This event indicated the impossibility of balancing of exchange rates by the measures of control ...
Countries by household debt, loans and debt securities as % of GDP 1980 to 2022 [1]; Country 2022 2021 2018 2017 2016 2015 2010 2005 2000 1995 1990
A majority of the remittances have been directed to Asian countries like India (approx. US$87.0 billion in 2021), China (approx. US$ 60.0 billion in 2021), the Philippines (approx. US$33.5 billion in 2020), Pakistan (US$26.0 billion in 2020), Bangladesh (US$21.5 billion in 2020) and more. [18]