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16th-century German illustration of the four humors: Flegmat (phlegm), Sanguin (blood), Coleric (yellow bile) and Melanc (black bile), divided between the male and female sexes Humorism , the humoral theory , or humoralism , was a system of medicine detailing a supposed makeup and workings of the human body, adopted by Ancient Greek and Roman ...
The four temperament theory is a proto-psychological theory which suggests that there are four fundamental personality types: sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Most formulations include the possibility of mixtures among the types where an individual's personality types overlap and they share two or more temperaments.
Humourism is an ancient theory that the human body is filled with four basic substances, called the four humours, which are held in balance when a person is healthy. It is closely related to the ancient theory of the four elements and states that all diseases and disabilities result from an excess or deficit in black bile, yellow bile, phlegm ...
People believed that the human body contained four humours: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. [1] Illnesses and problems were understood as being caused by dyscrasia, or an imbalance in the four humours. Treatments for disease had the aim of restoring a balance, curing the patient.
The Hippocratic Corpus explains diseases using the Four Humours in which are described a Phlegm, Yellow Bile, Blood and Black Bile. These medical writings associated each of the humours with a specific organ which goes as follows; blood with the heart, yellow bile with the liver, black bile with the spleen and phlegm with the brain.
Humorism (or the four humors) refers to blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. Each of the four humors were linked to an organ, temper, season and element. [2] It was also theorized that sex played a role in medicine because some diseases and treatments were different for females than for males.
The idea of humors in the human body reflected the four terrestrial elements: air, fire, earth, and water. The human body is composed of four essential substances (humors): yellow bile (fire), black bile (earth), blood (air), and phlegm (water). These humors have to be in equilibrium for our body to be in good health.
This is similar to the concepts of bodily humors in the Tibetan medical tradition and the Indian Ayurvedic system, which both relate health and disease to the equality (Skt. samatā) or inequality (Skt. viṣamatā) of the quantities of three (or four) bodily humors, generally translated as wind, bile, and phlegm (and blood).