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Recent extensive surveys of archaea presence in the animal gut, based on 16S rRNA analysis, have provided a comprehensive view of archaea diversity and abundance. [27] [28] [29] These studies revealed that only a few archaeal lineages are present, with the majority being methanogens, while non-methanogenic archaea are rare and not abundant ...
In one study of the feces of nine adults, five of the samples contained archaea capable of producing methane. [13] Similar results are found in samples of gas obtained from within the rectum. Even among humans whose flatus does contain methane, the amount is in the range of 10% or less of the total amount of gas. [14]
Eventually, the acetic acids can be fermented by different methanogenic bacteria to produce methane. [4] The product of Methanobacteria in human body can be used to test diseases. Methane in breath is produced by anaerobic methanobacteria in human colon as a metabolic end product. [5]
Methanobrevibacter smithii is an anaerobic archaea which enjoys colonizing the colon and rectum thanks to its anaerobic environment, optimal pH (6.5-7), and slow transit time. [4] [5] M. smithii is the most common methanogenic archaeon in the human gut microbiota.
Euryarchaeota (from Ancient Greek εὐρύς eurús, "broad, wide") is a kingdom of archaea. [3] Euryarchaeota are highly diverse and include methanogens, which produce methane and are often found in intestines; halobacteria, which survive extreme concentrations of salt; and some extremely thermophilic aerobes and anaerobes, which generally live at temperatures between 41 and 122 °C.
Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (formerly Methanococcus jannaschii) is a thermophilic methanogenic archaean in the class Methanococci. It was the first archaeon, and third organism, to have its complete genome sequenced. [1] The sequencing identified many genes unique to the archaea.
Methanobacterium is a genus of the Methanobacteria class in the Archaea kingdom, which produce methane as a metabolic byproduct. [1] Despite the name, this genus belongs not to the bacterial domain but the archaeal domain (for instance, they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls). [2]
Methanosarcinales is an order of Archaea in the class Methanomicrobia, phylum Methanobacteriota. [1] The order Methanosarcinales contains both methanogenic and methanotrophic lineages, although the latter have so far no pure culture representatives. [2]