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Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG, Y 3 Al 5 O 12) is a synthetic crystalline material of the garnet group. It is a cubic yttrium aluminium oxide phase, with other examples being YAlO 3 (YAP [ 2 ] ) in a hexagonal or an orthorhombic, perovskite -like form, and the monoclinic Y 4 Al 2 O 9 (YAM [ 3 ] ).
Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; Nd:Y 3 Al 5 O 12) is a crystal that is used as a lasing medium for solid-state lasers. The dopant , neodymium in the +3 oxidation state, Nd(III), typically replaces a small fraction (1%) of the yttrium ions in the host crystal structure of the yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), since the two ions are ...
Er:YAG laser rod. An Er:YAG laser (erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser, erbium YAG laser) is a solid-state laser whose active laser medium is erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:Y 3 Al 5 O 12). Er:YAG lasers typically emit light with a wavelength of 2940 nm, which is infrared light. [1]
Laser rods (from left to right): Ruby, alexandrite, Er:YAG, Nd:YAG. A solid-state laser is a laser that uses a gain medium that is a solid, rather than a liquid as in dye lasers or a gas as in gas lasers. [1] Semiconductor-based lasers are also in the solid state, but are generally considered as a separate class from solid-state lasers, called ...
Holmium YAG (Ho:YAG) laser 2.1 μm Flashlamp, laser diode Tissue ablation, kidney stone removal, dentistry. Chromium ZnSe (Cr:ZnSe) laser 2.2 - 2.8 μm Other laser (Tm fiber) MWIR laser radar, countermeasure against heat-seeking missiles etc. Cerium-doped lithium strontium (or calcium) aluminum fluoride (Ce:LiSAF, Ce:LiCAF) ~280 to 316 nm
Holmium-chromium-thulium triple-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Ho:Cr:Tm:YAG, or Ho,Cr,Tm:YAG) is an active laser medium material with high efficiency. It lases at 2080 nm in the infrared and is widely used in military applications, medicine, and meteorology. Single-element thulium-doped YAG (Tm:YAG) lasers operate at 2010 nm. [36]
Gadolinium yttrium aluminium garnet, usually abbreviated Gd:YAG, is a variation of Nd:YAG with microwave and laser applications. [1] References
Ruby lasers consist of single-crystal sapphire alumina (Al 2 O 3) rods doped with a small concentration of chromium Cr, typically in the range of 0.05%. The end faces are highly polished with a planar and parallel configuration. Neodymium-doped YAG (Nd:YAG) has proven to be one of the best solid-state laser materials.