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The Red Guards (Chinese: 红卫兵; pinyin: hóng wèibīng) were a mass, student-led, paramilitary social movement mobilized by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1966 until their abolition in 1968, during the first phase of the Cultural Revolution, which he had instituted. [3] According to a Red Guard leader, the movement's aims were as follows:
China analyst John Gittings welcomed Li's book in his review, noting Li was a Red Guard as well as a photographer and did not deny that he also led "struggle sessions" against innocent victims. Gittings writes that Li's photos reflect a desire to record and understand, and that it was "unique" for a simple reason: "Although the post-Mao Chinese ...
[9] [18] At the same time, Red Guards launched a nationwide campaign to destroy the "Four Olds". [1] [9] In Beijing alone, a total of 4,922 historic sites were ruined, and the Red Guards burned 2.3 million books as well as 3.3 million paintings, art objects, and pieces of furniture. [4] [10] Red Guards on Tiananmen Square of Beijing (September ...
The Chinese Red Army, formally the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army [a] or just the Red Army, was the military wing of the Chinese Communist Party from 1928 to 1937. It was formed when Communist elements of the National Revolutionary Army splintered and mutinied in the Nanchang Uprising .
During the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), struggle sessions were widely conducted by Red Guards and various rebel groups across mainland China. [4] [5] [9] [10] Though there was no specific definition for the "targets of struggle", they included the Five Black Categories and anyone else who could be deemed an enemy of Mao Zedong Thought ...
Rebel groups of Red Guards marching in Shanghai, 1967. During the Cultural Revolution, a Rebel Faction (Chinese: 造反派; pinyin: Zàofǎn pài) referred to a group or a sociopolitical movement that was self-proclaimed "rebellious". Composed of workers and students, they were often the more radical wing of the Red Guards and grew around 1967 ...
The Red Guards were a student mass paramilitary social movement that were first mobilized between 25 May and 2 June 1966 in China.Soon after meetings were held in order to facilitate the expansion of the Cultural Revolution in Tibet and in August 1966 students began to form the Tibetan branch of the Red Guards.
The Daxing Massacre occurred after Mao Zedong publicly supporting Red Guards' movement in Beijing and Xie Fuzhi, the Minister of Ministry of Public Security, ordering to protect the Red Guards and not arrest them; on August 26, 1966, the day before the massacre began, Xie stated that it was not incorrect for the Red Guards to beat "bad people ...