Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
This means that the surfactant adsorbs at low surfactant concentrations with its head-group contacting the surface. Depending on the type of head-group and surface, the attraction will have a short-range contribution for both non-ionic and ionic surfactants. Ionic surfactants will also experience a generic electrostatic interaction.
Most surfactants are organic compounds with hydrophilic "heads" and hydrophobic "tails." The "heads" of surfactants are polar and may or may not carry an electrical charge. The "tails" of most surfactants are fairly similar, consisting of a hydrocarbon chain, which can be branched, linear, or aromatic. Fluorosurfactants have fluorocarbon chains.
Surfactants are usually composed of a hydrocarbon chain and a polar head group. Increasing the length of the hydrocarbon chain increases the Krafft temperature because it improves Van der Waals forces. Moreover, since Krafft point is related to solid-liquid transition, better-packed polar heads within surfactant crystals increase Krafft ...
Hydrocarbon-based surfactants are an example group of amphiphilic compounds. Their polar region can be either ionic, or non-ionic. Some typical members of this group are: sodium dodecyl sulfate , benzalkonium chloride , cocamidopropyl betaine (zwitterionic), and 1-octanol (long-chain alcohol, non-ionic). [citation needed]
Triton X-100 (C 14 H 22 O(C 2 H 4 O) n) is a nonionic surfactant that has a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide chain (on average it has 9.5 ethylene oxide units) and an aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic or hydrophobic group.
Ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) is the INCI name and common name for ammonium dodecyl sulfate (CH 3 (CH 2) 10 CH 2 OSO 3 NH 4).The anion consists of a nonpolar hydrocarbon chain and a polar sulfate end group.
Fatty amines are commonly prepared from fatty acids; which are themselves obtained from natural sources, typically seed-oils.The overall reaction is sometimes referred to as the Nitrile Process [3] and begins with a reaction between the fatty acid and ammonia at high temperature (>250 °C) and in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst (e.g., alumina or zinc oxide) to give the fatty nitrile.
Microemulsion polymerization is a complex heterogeneous process where transport of monomers, free radicals and other species (such as chain transfer agent, co-surfactant and inhibitors) between the aqueous and organic phases, takes place. [4]