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The broad crested weir at the Thorp grist mill in Thorp, Washington, US. Commonly, weirs are used to prevent flooding, measure water discharge, and help render rivers more navigable by boat. In some locations, the terms dam and weir are synonymous, but normally there is a clear distinction made between the structures. Usually, a dam is designed ...
The geometry of a weir dictates the coefficient of discharge that passes through the crest, which is proportional to the nappe formation. [9] Engineers solve for the amount of discharge and the cross sectional area of a river to calculate the adequate shape of the weir that should be implemented.
ISO 8333:1985 Liquid flow measurement in open channels by weirs and flumes – V-shaped broad-crested weirs; ISO 8343:1985 Ferronickel - Determination of silicon content - Gravimetric method; ISO/IEC 8348:2002 Information technology – Open Systems Interconnection – Network service definition; ISO 8362 Injection containers and accessories
Units for other physical quantities are derived from this set as needed. In English Engineering Units, the pound-mass and the pound-force are distinct base units, and Newton's Second Law of Motion takes the form = where is the acceleration in ft/s 2 and g c = 32.174 lb·ft/(lbf·s 2).
The pump-turbine units were uprated in July 1972 from their initial rating of 175 MW each to 204 MW each, increasing the plant's overall rating from 350 MW to 408 MW. [3] [16] From 1998–1999, the turbine runners for both units were upgraded, resulting in improved flow rates and another power uprate to 225 MW per unit (450 MW total). [17] [16]
Edwin Samuel Crump was the inventor of the Crump weir that is named for him. [5] The Crump weir is a two dimensional triangular weir with a horizontal crest in the transverse direction and a triangular crest shape in the stream-wise direction. [6] Crump weirs are used as measuring structures in open channels. [7]
Hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel, also known as classical jump, is a natural phenomenon that occurs whenever flow changes from supercritical to subcritical flow. In this transition, the water surface rises abruptly, surface rollers are formed, intense mixing occurs, air is entrained, and often a large amount of energy is dissipated.
For the Parshall flume equation used to calculate the flow rate, both empirical values C and n are known constants (with various values for each Parshall flume size) leaving Ha (depth upstream) as the only variable needing to be measured. Likewise, in the energy conservation equation, y 1 (or the depth of flow) is needed.