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The Great Qing Legal Code was the first written Chinese work directly translated into English. [6] The translation, known as Fundamental Laws of China was completed by English traveller Sir George Staunton in 1810. It was the first time the Qing Code had been translated into a European language. The French translation was published in 1812.
From 1397 to the fall of Ming in 1644, the Great Ming Code served as the principal governing law of China. Under the Qing dynasty it was replaced by the Great Qing Legal Code, which borrowed heavily from it. Portions of the Great Ming Code were adopted into the legal systems of Joseon dynasty Korea, Edo period Japan, and Lê dynasty Vietnam.
The Great Ming Code, which was a model for the Qing code, covered every part of social and political life, especially family and ritual, but also foreign relations and even relations of earthly life with the cosmos. [10]
The Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty or Collected Regulations of the Great Ming (simplified Chinese: 大明会典; traditional Chinese: 大明會典; pinyin: Dà Míng Hùidǐan) is a five-volume collection of regulations and procedures of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644).
The Qing had the support of the majority of Han soldiers and Han elite against the Three Feudatories, since they refused to join Wu Sangui in the revolt, while the Eight Banners and Manchu officers fared poorly against Wu Sangui, so the Qing responded with using a massive army of more than 900,000 Han (non-Banner) instead of the Eight Banners ...
A 15th-century portrait of the Ming official Jiang Shunfu.The cranes on his mandarin square indicate that he was a civil official of the sixth rank. A Qing photograph of a government official with mandarin square embroidered in front A European view: a mandarin travelling by boat, Baptista van Doetechum, 1604 Nguyễn Văn Tường (chữ Hán: 阮文祥, 1824–1886) was a mandarin of the ...
The Principles of the Constitution of 1908 (simplified Chinese: 钦定宪法大纲; traditional Chinese: 欽定憲法大綱; pinyin: Qīndìng Xiànfǎ Dàgāng), also known as the Outline of Imperial Constitution [2] or the Outline of the Constitution Compiled by Imperial Order, [3] was an attempt by the Qing dynasty of China to establish a constitutional monarchy at the beginning of the 20th ...
The literal translation of the Chinese word hu (戶; 户) is "household". For much of Qing history, the government's main source of revenue came from taxation on landownership supplemented by official monopolies on salt, which was an essential household item, and tea. Thus, in the predominantly agrarian Qing dynasty, the "household" was the ...