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Conventional hemorrhoidectomy provides permanent symptomatic relief for most patients, and effectively treats any external component of the hemorrhoids. However, the wounds created by the surgery are usually associated with considerable post-operative pain which necessitates a prolonged recovery period.
Hemorrhoids are fed by arteries and drained by veins. The arterial blood supply is based on the superior rectal (hemorrhoidal) artery. Just as veins in the leg weaken and become prominent, hemorrhoidal veins also may become varicose, resulting in internal hemorrhoids or “piles”. Internal hemorrhoids are divided into four grades.
Hemorrhoidal artery embolization (HAE, or hemorrhoid artery embolization) is a non-surgical treatment of internal hemorrhoids. [ 1 ] The procedure involves blocking the abnormal blood flow to the rectal (hemorrhoidal) arteries using microcoils and/or microparticles to decrease the size of the hemorrhoids and improve hemorrhoid related symptoms ...
Excisional hemorrhoidectomy is a surgical excision of the hemorrhoid used primarily only in severe cases. [1] It is associated with significant postoperative pain and usually requires two to four weeks for recovery. [1] However, the long-term benefit is greater in those with grade III hemorrhoids as compared to rubber band ligation. [45]
Autonomic dysreflexia can become chronic and recurrent. This often occurs in response to longstanding medical problems like soft tissue pressure injuries or hemorrhoids. Complications of severe acute hypertension can include seizures, pulmonary edema, myocardial infarction, or cerebral hemorrhage.
Timing is important to wound healing. Critically, the timing of wound re-epithelialization can decide the outcome of the healing. [11] If the epithelization of tissue over a denuded area is slow, a scar will form over many weeks, or months; [12] [13] If the epithelization of a wounded area is fast, the healing will result in regeneration.
The pathophysiology of obesity involves many possible pathophysiological mechanisms involved in its development and maintenance. [28] [29] This field of research had been almost unapproached until the leptin gene was discovered in 1994 by J. M. Friedman's laboratory. [30] These investigators postulated that leptin was a satiety factor.
Perianal hematoma are caused by the rupture of a small vein that drains blood from the anus. [4] This rupture may be the result of forceful or strained bowel movement, anal sex or caused by heavy lifting, coughing or straining.