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In Miranda, this right-fold, from Hughes (1989:5-6), has the same semantics (by example) as the Scheme implementation above, for two arguments. append a b = reduce cons b a Where reduce is Miranda's name for fold, and cons constructs a list from two values or lists. For example,
In Python, everything is an object, even classes. Classes, as objects, have a class, which is known as their metaclass. Python also supports multiple inheritance and mixins. The language supports extensive introspection of types and classes. Types can be read and compared—types are instances of type. The attributes of an object can be ...
An identifier is the name of an element in the code.It can contain letters, digits and underscores (_), and is case sensitive (FOO is different from foo).The language imposes the following restrictions on identifier names:
C# makes use of reification to provide "first-class" generic objects that can be used like any other class, with code generation performed at class-load time. [29] Furthermore, C# has added several major features to accommodate functional-style programming, culminating in the LINQ extensions released with C# 3.0 and its supporting framework of ...
In Ruby, all classes are open. In Python, classes can be created at runtime, and all can be modified afterward. [43] Objective-C categories permit the programmer to add methods to an existing class without the need to recompile that class or even have access to its source code.
Classes may inherit from other classes, so they are arranged in a hierarchy that represents "is-a-type-of" relationships. For example, class Employee might inherit from class Person. All the data and methods available to the parent class also appear in the child class with the same names.
C# is case sensitive and all C# keywords are in lower cases. Visual Basic and C# share most keywords, with the difference being that the default Visual Basic keywords are the capitalised versions of the C# keywords, e.g. Public vs public, If vs if. A few keywords have very different versions in Visual Basic and C#:
The definition of the term varies depending upon the community using it. In Ruby, [2] Python, [3] and many other dynamic programming languages, the term monkey patch only refers to dynamic modifications of a class or module at runtime, motivated by the intent to patch existing third-party code as a workaround to a bug or feature which does not act as desired.