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A nail disease or onychosis is a disease or deformity of the nail.Although the nail is a structure produced by the skin and is a skin appendage, nail diseases have a distinct classification as they have their own signs and symptoms which may relate to other medical conditions.
Onychomycosis, also known as tinea unguium, [4] is a fungal infection of the nail. [2] Symptoms may include white or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail, and separation of the nail from the nail bed. [2] Fingernails may be affected, but it is more common for toenails. [3] Complications may include cellulitis of the lower leg. [3]
Onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic shedding of the nails beginning at the proximal end, possibly caused by the temporary arrest of the function of the nail matrix. [1]: 784 [2]: 660 One cause in children is hand, foot, and mouth disease. [3] This generally resolves without complication.
Trichophyton rubrum is a dermatophytic fungus in the phylum Ascomycota.It is an exclusively clonal, [2] anthropophilic saprotroph that colonizes the upper layers of dead skin, and is the most common cause of athlete's foot, fungal infection of nail, jock itch, and ringworm worldwide. [3]
Dermatophytosis, also known as tinea and ringworm, is a fungal infection of the skin [2] (a dermatomycosis), that may affect skin, hair, and nails. [1] Typically it results in a red, itchy, scaly, circular rash. [1] Hair loss may occur in the area affected. [1] Symptoms begin four to fourteen days after exposure. [1]
Green nail syndrome is an infection that can develop in individuals whose hands are frequently submerged in water resulting in discolouration of the nails from shades of green to black. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It may also occur as transverse green stripes that are ascribed to intermittent episodes of infection. [ 3 ]
Ingrown nail in hallux (big) toe. Symptoms include pain along the margins of the nail caused by hypergranulation, worsening of pain when wearing tight footwear, and sensitivity to pressure of any kind (in some cases this pressure can be as light as the weight of bedsheets). Bumping of an affected toe can cause pain as the nail's surrounding ...
Cleaning under the nail is not recommended as this only serves to separate the nail further. Bandages are also to be avoided. [11] When kept dry and away from further trauma, the nail will reattach from the base upward (i.e., from proximal to distal). The aim of treatment is also to eliminate onychomycosis that is a major cause of onycholysis.