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A NAND gate is equivalent to an OR gate with negated inputs, and a NOR gate is equivalent to an AND gate with negated inputs. This leads to an alternative set of symbols for basic gates that use the opposite core symbol (AND or OR) but with the inputs and outputs negated. Use of these alternative symbols can make logic circuit diagrams much ...
A single NOR gate. A NOR gate or a NOT OR gate is a logic gate which gives a positive output only when both inputs are negative.. Like NAND gates, NOR gates are so-called "universal gates" that can be combined to form any other kind of logic gate.
Checking if a set of quantum gates is universal can be done using group theory methods [18] and/or relation to (approximate) unitary t-designs [19] Some universal quantum gate sets include: The rotation operators R x (θ), R y (θ), R z (θ), the phase shift gate P(φ) [c] and CNOT are commonly used to form a universal quantum gate set. [20] [d]
The 3-input Fredkin gate is functionally complete reversible gate by itself – a sole sufficient operator. There are many other three-input universal logic gates, such as the Toffoli gate. In quantum computing, the Hadamard gate and the T gate are universal, albeit with a slightly more restrictive definition than that of functional completeness.
The √ SWAP gate performs half-way of a two-qubit swap (see Clifford gates). It is universal such that any many-qubit gate can be constructed from only √ SWAP and single qubit gates. More than one application of the √ SWAP is required to produce a Bell state from product states.
The NOR gate is a digital logic gate that implements logical NOR - it behaves according to the truth table to the right. A HIGH output (1) results if both the inputs to the gate are LOW (0); if one or both input is HIGH (1), a LOW output (0) results.
NAND gates are basic logic gates, and as such they are recognised in TTL and CMOS ICs. The standard, 4000 series , CMOS IC is the 4011, which includes four independent, two-input, NAND gates. These devices are available from many semiconductor manufacturers.
The Toffoli gate can be realized by five two-qubit quantum gates, [5] but it can be shown that it is not possible using fewer than five. [6] Another universal gate, the Deutsch gate, can be realized by five optical pulses with neutral atoms. [7] The Deutsch gate is a universal gate for quantum computing. [8]